Optimization of the calcination and two-step sintering temperatures of (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 ceramics

Abstract Lead-free (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 (KNLNS) ceramics have been successfully optimized for the calcination and two-step sintering temperatures. The experimental results reveal that KNLNS powder calcined at 850 or 900 °C presented a pure perovskite phase with an orthorhombic phase. particle size was in range of 0.1–0.4 m. temperature (range: 950 to 1100 °C) significantly affects structure, microstructure, electrical properties ceramics. presence good crystallization is observed all samples. microstructure researched by varying obtain dense clear grain boundary order optimize their piezoelectric properties. best were recorded 1050 (density (): 4,35 g/cm3; electromechanical coupling factor (kp): 0.33, kt: 0.35; dielectric constant (εr): 849; loss (tanδ): 0.073; maximum (max TC): 6659; (d33): 195 pC/N; remanent polarization (Pr): 16.1 µC/cm2; energy storage density (Wrec): 0.36 J/cm3; efficiency (): 48.1%; t2 = 4 h), proving efficacy technique